Radon Myths Debunked: What You Should Know

A common myth about radon is that it only poses a risk in certain regions, particularly area near uranium-rich soil. However, all 50 states and Canadian provinces and territories have a radon issue, and its levels can vary significantly, even between neighboring homes. Geographic location alone is not a reliable indicator of radon risk, as any home can have an elevated radon level. The only way to determine if radon is a dangerous levels in a home is through proper testing, regardless of where the home is located.

Some homeowners believe that opening windows or improving ventilation can eliminate radon, but this is only a temporary solution. Radon, a radioactive gas, continuously seeps into homes through cracks and gaps. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) warns that ventilation alone cannot maintain safe radon levels. If radon levels exceed 4.0 pCi/L, the EPA recommends installing a professional mitigation system, such as sub-slab depressurization, to effectively reduce and maintain safe levels. Proper testing and certified mitigation are essential to protect against the lung cancer risk posed by radon exposure.

Some believe that new homes are built with radon-resistant features, making testing unnecessary. However, while many newer homes include radon-resistant construction techniques, these measures are not foolproof. Radon can still enter through cracks, gaps in the foundation, or other openings. The only way to ensure a safe living environment is to test for radon, regardless of a home’s age. Experts recommend testing during and after construction to confirm that radon levels remain below the EPA’s safety threshold. Additionally, new homes built after 1992 tend to be built for energy efficiency which can, consequently, trap radon within the house.

Some people believe that radon only increases lung cancer risk for smokers, but this is a dangerous myth. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, affecting both smokers and nonsmokers. According to the EPA, radon exposure causes about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the U.S., with nearly 3,000 of those occurring in nonsmokers. Long-term exposure to radon increases lung cancer risk for everyone, regardless of smoking history. Testing and mitigating radon levels in homes is essential to protect all individuals from this silent but serious health hazard.

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. How does radon cause lung cancer? It forms from the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and groundwater, seeping into homes, schools, and workplaces through cracks in walls, floors, foundations, and other openings. Once trapped indoors, radon decays into radioactive particles like Polonium-218 and Polonium-214, which emit alpha particles when inhaled. These particles damage the DNA of lung cells, causing mutations. Over time, accumulated mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and lung cancer.

Radon’s half-life of 3.8 days allows it to persist long enough indoors to pose significant health risks, particularly in places where people spend extended periods. According to the American Cancer Society, environmental factors like radon exposure contribute to DNA changes that cause cancer. Long-term radon exposure, especially in enclosed environments, increases the likelihood of developing lung cancer, making regular radon testing and mitigation essential for health.

A common myth among homeowners is that radon testing is too expensive or involves complicated processes. In reality, radon testing is both affordable and straightforward. Radon test kits are widely available for as little as $24.95, making them an accessible option for many households. For those who prefer professional testing, the cost is higher, depending on the home's size and location. Radon screenings usually take only 48 to 72 hours to complete, with minimal effort required. The process is simple: place the testing device in the lowest lived-in level of the home and follow the provided instructions.

Many homeowners believe that once a radon mitigation system is installed, the problem is permanently solved. However, this is a common myth. Radon levels can fluctuate over time due to changes in soil conditions, home renovations, or even seasonal variations. While mitigation systems are highly effective, they require regular maintenance and monitoring to ensure they continue working properly. Fans, pipes, and seals can wear out or become damaged over time. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that homeowners test for radon annually or at least every two years, even after installing a mitigation system. Regular testing ensures that radon levels remain below the safety threshold, providing ongoing protection for you and your family from radon risks, including lung cancer.

Some people believe radon tests are unreliable, but this is a myth. When conducted properly, radon tests are scientifically accurate. Guidelines like proper test placement and controlled conditions help minimize errors. There are two main types: short-term tests (2-90 days) and long-term tests (90+ days). With proper testing, homeowners can trust the accuracy of radon tests, enabling them to take necessary steps to help protect themselves from indoor radon exposure.